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Nephrocalcinosis

Christine M Van Horn, MS, MD Reviewed 06/2021
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • Nephrocalcinosis (NC) involves deposition of calcium in the renal parenchyma; can be interstitial or intratubular.

  • NC refers to the deposition of both calcium phosphate and calcium ox...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • Preterm birth

  • Polyuria and polydipsia

  • Hematuria

  • Renal colic

  • Past medical history of nephrolithiasis, vesicoureteric reflux, recurrent UTIs

  • Family history of nephrolithiasis, cystic kidney ...

TREATMENT

GENERAL MEASURES

  • Manage or prevent hypercalcemia.

  • Address hyperparathyroidism or other underlying cause.

  • In setting of preserved renal function, decrease solute concentration in the urine by ma...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on etiology and comorbidities 

Patient Monitoring

  • Based on etiology

  • Patients often need ongoing trending of serum calcium, phosphate, uric acid, and renal func...

REFERENCES

1
Sayer  JA, Carr  G, Simmons  NL. Nephrocalcinosis: molecular insights into calcium precipitation within the kidney. Clin Sci (Lond).  2004;106(6):549–561. [Vie...

ADDITIONAL READING

  • Huynh  M, Clark  R, Li  J, et al. A case control analysis investigating risk factors and outcomes for nephrocalcinosis and renal calculi in neonates. J Pe...

CODES

ICD10

  • E83.59 Other disorders of calcium metabolism

  • N29 Oth disorders of kidney and ureter in diseases classd elswhr

SNOMED

  • 48638002 nephrocalcinosis (disorder)

  • 236447005 Medullary nephrocalcinosis (d...

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • NC is often found incidentally on imaging.

  • NC should be considered a sign of another disease process, more than it should be considered a disease process itself (4).

  • NC is most common i...

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