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Hyperleukocytosis, Pediatric

Katie Carlberg, MD and Caroline Hastings, MD Reviewed 10/2018
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

Hyperleukocytosis is a total white blood cell (WBC) count of ≥100,000/μL. 

RISK FACTORS

  • Presentation with hyperleukocytosis depends on the type of leukemia.

  • Percent with hyperleukocytos...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • Symptoms and signs of hyperleukocytosis relate to the organ involved. Clinical evidence of leukostasis is most apparent in the CNS, lungs, retina, and penis.

  • CNS

    • Headache

    • Confusion

    • Blurre...

TREATMENT

  • The goal of treatment is to quickly make a correct diagnosis and implement definitive therapy while simultaneously identifying and addressing the potential complications of leukostasis secon...

ONGOING CARE

PROGNOSIS

  • Patients usually require treatment in a pediatric intensive care unit because they require rapid and continuous monitoring at presentation and during early phase of therapy due t...

ADDITIONAL READING

  • Blum W, Porcu P. Therapeutic apheresis in hyperleukocytosis and hyperviscosity syndrome. Semin Thromb Hemost.  2007;33(4):350–354. [View Abstract on OvidInsights]

  • Cairo M, Coiff...

CODES

ICD9

  • 288.60 Leukocytosis, unspecified

  • 204.00 Acute lymphoid leukemia, without mention of having achieved remission

  • 205.10 Chronic myeloid leukemia, without mention of having achieved remission

  • 205.0...

FAQ

  • Q: Is there a linear relationship between the WBC count and the presence/severity of clinical disease and complications?

  • A: No. Clinically significant hyperleukocytosis usually occurs at WBC ≥200,0...

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