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Cardiomyopathy

Pawan Daga, M.D. Reviewed 05/2023
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • Cardiomyopathies are myocardial diseases which result in structural and functional heart abnormalities in the absence of coronary artery disease, congenital heart disease, valvular d...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • Dyspnea at rest or with exertion, Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, Orthopnea

  • Right upper quadrant pain or bloating, edema

  • Chest pain

PHYSICAL EXAM

  • Tachypnea

  • Cheyne-Stokes breathing

  • Low pulse p...

TREATMENT

MEDICATION

First Line

  • Treat associated heart failure (2). See “Heart Failure, Chronic”

  • If nonobstructive physiology: transplant evaluation

  • If refractory: Options include surgical myectomy, alco...

ONGOING CARE

DIET

Low fat, low salt, fluid restriction 

PROGNOSIS

~20–40% of patients in NYHA FC IV die within 1 year. With a transplant, 1-year survival is as high as 94%. 

COMPLICATIONS

Worsening congest...

REFERENCES

1
Seward  JB, Casaclang-Verzosa  G. Infiltrative cardiovascular diseases: cardiomyopathies that look alike. J Am Coll Cardiol.  2010;55(17):1769–1779. [View Abst...

SEE ALSO

  • Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD); Alcohol Withdrawal; Amyloidosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypertension, Essential; Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy; Hypothyroidism, Adult;...

CODES

ICD10

  • I42.9 Cardiomyopathy, unspecified

  • I42.0 Dilated cardiomyopathy

  • I42.5 Other restrictive cardiomyopathy

  • I42.8 Other cardiomyopathies

  • I42.7 Cardiomyopathy due to drug and external agent

  • I42.6 Alcoh...

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • Cardiomyopathy represents the end-stage of a large number of disease processes involving the heart muscle.

  • Ischemic, hypertensive, postviral, familial, alcoholic, and incessant tachycar...

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