Renal insufficiency is deterioration of kidney function secondary to an acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Stages of AKI are based on serum creatinine (Cr) lev...
In addition to history of renal, cardiac, hepatic, and systemic disease, inquire about the use of nephrotoxic medications.
Most patients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency may b...
Adequate perfusion of kidneys is essential in managing AKI. If fluid resuscitation is needed, crystalloids are preferred over colloids (1).
Electrolyte abnormalities should ...
Regardless of presence of hypertension, patients with diabetic kidney disease and nondiabetic CKD with urine protein-to-creatinine ratio >200 mg/g should be tr...
N17.9 Acute kidney injury, unspecified
N18.1 Chronic kidney disease, stage 1
N18.2 Chronic kidney disease, stage 2
N18.3 Chronic kidney disease, stage 3
N18.4 Chronic kidney disease, ...
N28.9 Disorder of kidney and ureter, unspecified
N18.9 Chronic kidney disease, unspecified
42399005 Renal failure syndrome
Treatment of AKI focuses on reversing the cause such as improving hypovolemia, discontinuing potential nephrotoxins, and reversing ureteral obstruction, if present.
The foremost cause o...
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