Frontal sinuses are not present at birth and begin to develop around 7 yr of age (last of sinuses), continuing to develop until puberty 1.
Ethmoid and maxillary sinuses a...
Evaluate and treat life-threatening injuries first.
Carefully palpate the frontal area for crepitus or depression.
Lacerations over the frontal sinus area should raise suspicion of frontal sin...
Prehospital:
Physical examination, including complete neurologic exam
High suspicion for fracture given nature of trauma and physical findings
Airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs)
Identify ...
Avoid Valsalva maneuver (e.g., sneezing, nose blowing, etc.) to minimize risk of subcutaneous emphysema.
Avoid air travel for a period (individualize for each patient) aft...
Bell RB. Management of frontal sinus fractures. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2009;21(2):227–242.
Bell RB, Dierks EJ, Brar P, et al. A protocol for the management of fron...
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