Toe joint deformities result from an imbalance between flexor and extensor forces about the interphalangeal (IP) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints. Pain often results from abnorma...
Trauma
Personal or family history of neuromuscular disorder
Risk factors for peripheral neuropathy: diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse, renal failure
Inspect for:
Toe deformity...
Patient education about shoe selection/modification—flat/low heel, wider, and taller toe-box and adequate length 1[C]. A good rule of thumb is, there should be a circumferenc...
Hagedorn TJ, Dufour AB, Riskowski JL, et al. Foot disorders, foot posture, and foot function: the Framingham foot study. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e74364.
Hannan MT, Menz HB, Jordan ...
Remember: The joint will deform or pull to the strong (intact) side.
Injecting botulinum toxin to both the long and the short flexors of the toes is well tolerated and efficacious in th...
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