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Pneumothorax and Hemothorax, Sports Medicine

Stephen Carek, MD and Daniel C. Herman, MD, PhD, FAAPMR, FACSM, CAQSM Reviewed 04/2019
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • Air (pneumothorax), blood (hemothorax), or both (hemopneumothorax) in the pleural space between the lung and chest wall

  • Tension pneumothorax: Progressive accumulation of air in the pl...

DIAGNOSIS

Prehospital: 
  • Initial evaluation should include vital sign assessment and auscultation in a quiet setting.

HISTORY

  • Trauma to thoracic wall

  • Persistent pain at injury site

  • Shortness of breath

  • Locali...

TREATMENT

GENERAL MEASURES

  • Acute treatment:

    • Determine if patient is hemodynamically stable because primary job is to stabilize.

    • Airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs) of basic life support, especially...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

  • Advise patient that pain likely will be present for at least 6 wk, especially if rib fracture produced the pneumothorax.

  • May return to conditioning 3 to 4 wk after...

REFERENCES

1
Baumann MH, Strange C, Heffner JE, et al. Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: an American College of Chest Physicians Delphi consensus statement. Chest.  2001;119(2):590–602.
2
Tsch...

ADDITIONAL READING

  • Bintcliffe O, Maskell N. Spontaneous pneumothorax. BMJ.  2014;348:g2928.

  • Soundappan S, Holland A, Browne G. Sports-related pneumothorax in children. Pediatr Emerg Care.  20...

CLINICAL PEARLS

Return to activity: 
  • Return to play: 3 to 6 wk

  • Air travel: contraindicated until 2 to 3 wk after chest tube removal (only if repeat x-ray shows resolution of pneumothorax)

  • SCUBA diving: c...

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