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Osteoporosis and Osteopenia

Ramanpreet Grewal, MD Reviewed 04/2024
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

A metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass, with deterioration of bone microarchitecture leading to compromised bone strength and increased risk of fragility fracture. 

EPIDEMIOLOGY

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • Review modifiable (smoking, excessive alcohol, physical inactivity, and poor nutrition) and nonmodifiable (age, gender, race, and family history) risk factors.

  • History of fragility fr...

TREATMENT

  • Treatment involves lifestyle modifications (weight-bearing exercise, resistance training, balanced diet, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol), calcium and vitamin D supplements, medicatio...

ONGOING CARE

  • Regular bone density monitoring, medication management, lifestyle modifications, fall prevention strategies, nutritional support, and patient education to optimize bone health and reduce ...

REFERENCES

1
Sarafrazi N, Wambogo EA, Shepherd JA. Osteoporosis or low bone mass in older adults: United States, 2017-2018. NCHS Data Brief. 2021;405:1–8. PMID: 34029181.
2
Wen F, Du H, Ding L, et al. Cl...

ADDITIONAL READING

Camacho PM, Petak SM, Binkley N, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosi...

CODES

ICD10

  • M85.80 Other specified disorders of bone density and structure, unspecified site

  • M81.0 Age-related osteoporosis w/o current pathological fracture

  • M80.00XA Age-rel osteopor w current path frac...

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • Choosing Wisely recommendations related to osteoporosis:

    • Don't do dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) screening for osteoporosis in women under age 65 or men under age 70 ...

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