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Mpox (Orthopoxvirus sp.)

Frank J. Domino, MD and Laurel Banach, M.D. Reviewed 04/2024
 


BASICS

DESCRIPTION

  • Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by the Mpox virus-an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus of the Orthopoxvirus genus and Poxviridae family. While in the same genus as smallpox, Mpo...

DIAGNOSIS

HISTORY

  • Patients may report:

    • Fever, chills, myalgias

    • Sore throat, congestion, cough

    • Rash that is often painful and/or pruritic

    • Perianal lesions

    • Rectal pain, tenesmus, rectal bleeding

PHYSICAL EXAM

TREATMENT

GENERAL MEASURES

The patient should be instructed to isolate to avoid further spread until the rash is fully healed. Until then, keep the rash covered and avoid autoinoculation to other parts...

ONGOING CARE

FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS

Patient Monitoring

  • Patients who have had an exposure to Mpox, but are without disease, should monitor themselves for symptoms for 21 days.

  • If patients develop a ras...

REFERENCES

1
Schildhauer S, Saadeh K, Vance J,et al. Reduced odds of Mpox-associated hospitalization among persons who received JYNNEOS vaccine-California, May 2022-May 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep....

CLINICAL PEARLS

  • Patients who meet certain criteria for being at risk for Mpox are eligible for vaccination

  • Lymphadenopathy is a key differentiator in the differential diagnosis

  • Care for those with Mpox ...

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